While many biological factors determine how easy it is to conceive—such as a woman’s egg quality and a man’s semen quality—there are steps that can modestly increase the chances of success.
Why might autumn be a favorable time to conceive?
A 2020 study from Boston University School of Public Health, published in Human Reproduction, observed slightly higher natural conception rates in November and December. This helps explain why births in countries like Spain and the U.S. often cluster in August–September (about nine months later).
Two main factors may contribute to this pattern:
- Temperature: Cooler weather is associated with improved semen parameters in some studies.
- Seasonal diet: Autumn produce tends to be rich in antioxidants and key micronutrients that support reproductive health.
Does weather affect fertility?
Yes. High summer temperatures can negatively impact the male reproductive system by:
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Reducing both sperm quality and count.
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Altering sperm morphology and motility.
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Increasing oxidative stress in semen.
With cooler autumn weather, sperm production and parameters tend to improve. This pattern is supported by Santi et al. (2018), which found better semen quality in colder months.
Does an autumn diet have any effect?
Seasonal eating may support fertility.
- Autumn brings fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, and folate, such as:
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Berries
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Grapes
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Oranges
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Nuts
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Leafy greens like spinach
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These foods support ovarian and testicular health, strengthen the immune system, and improve the overall condition of the reproductive tract.
Maintaining a healthy body weight is also essential for fertility. Both overweight and underweight can disrupt the menstrual cycle and reduce the likelihood of ovulation or fertilization.
Is autumn the only good time to get pregnant?
No. You can conceive at any time of year as long as ovulation occurs and intercourse happens on fertile days. However, given the factors mentioned, autumn may offer naturally favorable conditions that can make conception slightly more efficient for some couples.
Recommendations if you’re trying to conceive
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Follow a diet rich in antioxidants and seasonal fruits and vegetables.
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Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and excessive caffeine.
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Do moderate exercise and manage stress.
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Have intercourse on your fertile days (use ovulation tests or tracking apps).
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See a specialist if you’ve been trying for 6–12 months without success.
Conclusions
Autumn may be associated with slightly higher fertility—particularly November to December—with cooler temperatures and a nutrient-dense diet potentially supporting conception. However, you can conceive year-round, individual factors and timing around ovulation remain most important.
Frequently Asked Questions
In which month is pregnancy most likely?
Some studies suggest November–December show slightly higher natural conception rates, possibly linked to cooler temperatures and improved semen quality. Individual factors vary.
Does heat affect male fertility?
Yes. High temperatures can reduce sperm production and impair parameters (count, motility, morphology), which may hinder conception.
Can an autumn diet improve pregnancy chances?
Potentially. Diets rich in antioxidants, folate, and healthy fats (common in autumn produce) support reproductive health, though diet is only one factor.
Should I wait until autumn to try to conceive?
Not necessary. Conception can occur year-round. Autumn may be a marginally favorable window for some couples, but timing should align with ovulation and overall health.
Book a free consultationDo you have any questions or need more information?
At Fertility Madrid, we specialise in treatments such as egg donation, in vitro fertilisation and artificial insemination, among others.
Please do not hesitate to contact our professionals at our fertility clinic and they will answer all your questions without obligation.
References
Wesselink, A. K., Wise, L. A., Hatch, E. E., Mikkelsen, E. M., Sørensen, H. T., Riis, A. H., McKinnon, C. J., & Rothman, K. J. (2020). Seasonal patterns in fecundability in North America and Denmark: A preconception cohort study. Human Reproduction, 35(3), 565–572. A preconception cohort study: doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez265
Santi, D., Magnani, E., Michelangeli, M., Grassi, R., Vecchi, B., Pedroni, G., Roli, L., De Santis, M. C., Baraldi, E., Setti, M., Trenti, T., & Simoni, M. (2018). Seasonal variation of semen parameters correlates with environmental temperature and air pollution: A big data analysis over 6 years. Environmental Pollution, 235, 806–813. Seasonal variation of semen: doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.021
Óscar Oviedo
Director Médico
